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Microsoft SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers

Q. What is SQL Server ?

A. SQL Server is a DBMS system provided by Microsoft. SQL Server is sometimes mistakenly referred to as SQL.

Q. Error severity 13 indicates what?

A. Transactional deadlock errors. This level of error severity indicates a transaction deadlock error.

Q. In which order do you perform an upgrade to SQL Server 2005 for replicated databases?

A. Distributor, Publisher, then Subscriber. You always perform an upgrade in this order: distributor, publisher, subscriber.

Q. How many Service Packs will be released for SQL Server 2005 in 2007?

A. Explanation: The answer is up in the air and this is more of a poll than a real QOD. Based on the ways things are going, the staff here sees just 1, though our hope would be that 3 or 4 would be released.

Q. You setup a linked server from a SQL Server 2000 server to your new SQL Server 2005 server (with defaults), however you cannot execute procedures on the 2005 server. Why not?

A. You need to enable RPC. By default, RPC is disabled in SQL Server 2005. You need to set the "remote access option" in your server configuration to 1 to allow the execution of stored procedures from a remote server.

Q. What is the recommended way to send mail from SQLAgent in SQL Server 2005?

A. Database Mail You can use either Database Mail or SQLMail with SQL Agent in SQL Server 2005. However since SQLMail will be removed, it is recommended that you use Database Mail.

Q. When you create a new Message Type in the SQL Server 2005 Service Broker, what does the Authorization parameter signify?

A. The owner of the message type. This parameter determines the owner of the message type. This defaults to the current user.

Q. What the heck does ATN2 do?

A. The angle between the x-axis and a ray. This is a mathematical function that returns the angle between the positive x-axis and the ray that passes through the two coordinates passed in. The angle is in radians.

Q. Can you explain about buffer cash and log Cache in sql server?

A. Buffer Cache: Buffer cache is a memory pool in which data pages are read. It performance of the buffer cache is indicated as follows: 95% indicates that pages that were found in the memory are 95% of time. Another 5% is needed for physical disk access. If the value falls below 90%, it is the indication of more physical memory requirement on the server. Log Caches: Log cache is a memory pool used to read and write the log pages. A set of cache pages are available in each log cache. The synchronization is reduced between log and data buffers by managing log caches separately from the buffer cache.

Q. What is a Trace frag? Where do we use it?

A. Temporary setting of specific server characteristics is done by trace tags. DBCC TRACEON is the command to set the trace flags. Once activated, trace flag will be in effect until the server is restarted. Trace frags are frequently used for diagnosing performance issues.

For example, the trace flag 3205 is used for disabling hard compression for tape drives, when an instance of SQL Server starts.

Q. Describe how to use Linked Server

A. MS SQL Server supports the connection to different OLE DB on an ad hoc basis. This persistent connection is referred as Linked Server.

The following are the steps to use Linked Server for any OLE DB. I refer this to use an MS-Excel workbook.

Open SQL Server Management Studio in SQL Server 2005
Expand Server Objects in Object Explorer.
Right-click on Linked Servers. Click on New Linked Server.
Select General page in the left pane and

Type any name for the linked server in the first text box
Select the Other Data Source option.
Click on Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider from the Provider list.
Type the Excel as the name of the OLE DB data source.
Type the full path and file name of the Excel file in Data Source box.
Type the Excel version no. (7.0, 8.0 etc) in the Provider String. Use Excel 8.0 for Excel 2000, Excel 2002 or Excel 97.
To create a linked server click on OK.

Q.Explain how to send email from database.

A.SQL Server has a feature for sending mail. Stored procedures can also be used for sending mail on demand. With SQL Server 2005, MAPI client is not needed for sending mails.

The following is the process for sending emails from database.

- Make sure that the SQL Server Mail account is configured correctly and enable Database Mail.
- Write a script to send an e-mail. The following is the script.

USE [YourDB]
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@recipients = 'mathew@xyz.com; saadhya@xyz.com;anirudh@pqr.com’
@body = ' A warm wish for your future endeavor',
@subject = 'This mail was sent using Database Mail' ;
GO

Q.Explain how to make remote connection in database

A.The following is the process to make a remote connection in database:

Use SQL Server Surface Area Configuration Tool for enabling the remote connection in database.

Click on Surface Area Configuration for Services and Connections.
Click on SQLEXPRESS/Database Engine/RemoteConnections
Select the radio button: Local and Remote Connections and select ‘Using TCP/IP only’ under Local and Remote Connections.
Click on OK button / Apply button

Q.Difference between cross join and Full outer join.

A.Cross Join :
No join conditions are specified.
Results in pairs of rows.
Results in Cartesian product of two tables.
Full Outer Join:
A combination of both left and right outer joins.
Results in every row from both of the tables , at least once.
Assigns NULL for unmatched fields.

Q.Explain the purposes of OPENXML clause sql server stored procedure

A. OPENXML parses the XML data in SQL Server in an efficient manner. It’s primary ability is to insert XML data to the RDB. It is also possible to query the data by using OpenXML. The path of the XML element needs to be specified by using ‘xpath’.
The following is a procedure for retrieving xml data:
DECLARE @index int
DECLARE @xmlString varchar(8000)
SET @xmlString ='

Your name
9999999999/PhoneNo>

last name
8888888888

'
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @index OUTPUT, @xmlString
SELECT * FROM OPENXML (@index, 'Persons/Person') WITH (id varchar(10), Name varchar(100) 'Name' ,PhoneNo varchar(50) 'PhoneNo')
EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @index
The above code snippet results the following:
15201 your name 9999999999
15202 last name 8888888888